How is Vibrio cholera primarily transmitted?

Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, is primarily transmitted through contaminated drinking water. This transmission occurs when water sources are contaminated with fecal matter that carries the bacteria, often as a result of inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices. People consume this contaminated water directly or use it to prepare food and beverages, which can lead to outbreaks of cholera, especially in areas lacking proper sanitation infrastructure.

While seafood consumption is also a potential route of infection, particularly if the seafood is harvested from contaminated waters, the primary and most significant mode of transmission remains through unsafe drinking water. In contrast, airborne transmission and direct contact with infected individuals are not relevant modes for the spread of cholera, as the bacteria do not spread through these means.